?       地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)探(tan)測(ce)儀的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)是(shi)指對管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)點(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)上標志(zhi)進行(xing)平面方位(wei)和(he)(he)高(gao)程(cheng)連測(ce);核(he)算管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)點(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)坐(zuo)標和(he)(he)高(gao)程(cheng)、測(ce)定地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)有關的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)上隸屬設(she)備和(he)(he)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)帶狀地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形圖，編制(zhi)效果表。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)信(xin)息體系(xi)是(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)探(tan)測(ce)的(de)重要(yao)組成部分，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)探(tan)測(ce)儀可以選用(yong)各種技術和(he)(he)手法，探(tan)明查清地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)空間方位(wei)、基本(ben)特征和(he)(he)屬性，以電(dian)子數據方式(shi)存儲在核(he)算機(ji)能(neng)處(chu)理的(de)介質上，實(shi)現信(xin)息的(de)核(he)算機(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)信(xin)息管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理體系(xi)功能(neng)實(shi)用(yong)、信(xin)息規范、運行(xing)安穩，信(xin)息現勢性好(hao)。遵(zun)從地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)探(tan)測(ce)原則對蔭蔽管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)進行(xing)探(tan)測(ce)，探(tan)測(ce)時(shi)應(ying)注意管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)點(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)設(she)置，起(qi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)、轉折點(dian)(dian)(dian)、變坡點(dian)(dian)(dian)、變徑點(dian)(dian)(dian)、多通點(dian)(dian)(dian)、終(zhong)點(dian)(dian)(dian)應(ying)設(she)置管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)點(dian)(dian)(dian)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)點(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)設(she)置過(guo)少(shao)不(bu)能(neng)實(shi)在反(fan)映地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)走向，過(guo)多會糟(zao)蹋工(gong)時(shi)。應(ying)根據實(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)情況(kuang)，該設(she)點(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)當地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)必(bi)須設(she)點(dian)(dian)(dian)，不(bu)該設(she)點(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)當地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)盡量(liang)(liang)少(shao)設(she)。

　　探查地下管線探測(ce)儀(yi)的方(fang)式(shi)主要(yao)有以下兩(liang)種：

　　1、電(dian)磁感(gan)應法。是觀(guan)察地下(xia)管(guan)線(xian)在(zai)一次電(dian)磁場作用(yong)(yong)下(xia)，使用(yong)(yong)發(fa)射線(xian)圈(quan)產生的(de)電(dian)磁場對金屬管(guan)線(xian)感(gan)應所產生的(de)二次電(dian)磁場的(de)變化規則以確認(ren)地下(xia)管(guan)線(xian)的(de)方(fang)位， 這種辦法的(de)特點是不需出露(lu)點，在(zai)地下(xia)管(guan)線(xian)比較少的(de)情況(kuang)下(xia)效果好(hao)。

　　2、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)法。對地(di)下(xia)管線(xian)(xian)(xian)施(shi)加直流電(dian)(dian)，在地(di)上(shang)上(shang)觀察電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)場(chang)的異常，以確認(ren)地(di)下(xia)管線(xian)(xian)(xian)所在的方位(wei)(wei)，這種(zhong)辦法的特點(dian)是儀器簡便、辦法簡單、定位(wei)(wei)精(jing)度高(gao)，在地(di)下(xia)管線(xian)(xian)(xian)密(mi)布的區域有較(jiao)好的分辨(bian)率(lv)，但使用(yong)條件必須有可供充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的出(chu)露(lu)點(dian)，在地(di)層電(dian)(dian)阻串低時效果(guo)差。

　　為克服這些缺點(dian)，已(yi)研制出(chu)具有儀器輸出(chu)阻(zu)抗(kang)與被測(ce)(ce)(ce)管線(xian)阻(zu)抗(kang)主動區別信號(hao)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)下管線(xian)探(tan)(tan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)儀，可zui大極限地(di)(di)避免被測(ce)(ce)(ce)管線(xian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)磁信號(hao)受周圍環境的(de)(de)(de)干擾。可見，地(di)(di)下管線(xian)探(tan)(tan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)技術(shu)理(li)(li)論、儀器配(pei)備、電(dian)算解說應屬物探(tan)(tan)理(li)(li)論及技術(shu)范疇，但又不(bu)同于常(chang)規的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程物探(tan)(tan)，應用(yong)領域應屬于工(gong)(gong)程測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)，又與常(chang)規的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程測(ce)(ce)(ce)，量(liang)(liang)不(bu)一樣，它(ta)是使用(yong)物探(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)理(li)(li)對地(di)(di)下蔭蔽體進(jin)行準確測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)。管線(xian)點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)置(zhi)過少(shao)不(bu)能(neng)實(shi)在反映地(di)(di)下管線(xian)的(de)(de)(de)走(zou)向，過多會糟蹋工(gong)(gong)時，應根據實(shi)地(di)(di)情況，該(gai)設(she)點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)當地(di)(di)必須設(she)點(dian)，不(bu)該(gai)設(she)點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)當地(di)(di)盡量(liang)(liang)少(shao)設(she)。